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        <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
          【11】创建型模式的特点和分类
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        <h2 id="【11】创建型模式的特点和分类"><a href="#【11】创建型模式的特点和分类" class="headerlink" title="【11】创建型模式的特点和分类"></a>【11】创建型模式的特点和分类</h2><p>创建型模式的主要关注点是“怎样创建对象？”，它的主要特点是“将对象的创建与使用分离”。这样可以降低系统的耦合度，使用者不需要关注对象的创建细节，对象的创建由相关的工厂来完成。就像我们去商场购买商品时，不需要知道商品是怎么生产出来一样，因为它们由专门的厂商生产。</p>
<p>创建型模式分为以下几种。</p>
<ul>
<li>单例（Singleton）模式：某个类只能生成一个实例，该类提供了一个全局访问点供外部获取该实例，其拓展是有限多例模式。</li>
<li>原型（Prototype）模式：将一个对象作为原型，通过对其进行复制而克隆出多个和原型类似的新实例。</li>
<li>工厂方法（FactoryMethod）模式：定义一个用于创建产品的接口，由子类决定生产什么产品。</li>
<li>抽象工厂（AbstractFactory）模式：提供一个创建产品族的接口，其每个子类可以生产一系列相关的产品。</li>
<li>建造者（Builder）模式：将一个复杂对象分解成多个相对简单的部分，然后根据不同需要分别创建它们，最后构建成该复杂对象。</li>
</ul>
<p>以上 5 种创建型模式，除了工厂方法模式属于类创建型模式，其他的全部属于对象创建型模式，我们将在之后的教程中详细地介绍它们的特点、结构与应用。</p>

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